Mothers Day Quotes From Daughters

Moms Day Quotes From Daughters They may not know it, yet youthful little girls regularly imitate their moms. Somewhere down in her heart, each young lady resembles her mom. A mother comprehends this well. So she attempts to shield her little girl from the difficulties that she looked in her childhood. A few moms are known to be extremely hard on their little girls. I have seen this myself. At the point when I asked a couple of mothers, why they fix the reins for little girls, the regular answer is, I need to set up her for the world to confront the tough times of life. I have frequently thought about whether this methodology is right. However, I can't deny that underneath the exacting exterior, there is a mother who cherishes her little girl. This is the reason a mother is a girls closest companion. Here are Mothers Day cites from little girls who have made incredible progress. Kate Beckinsale My little girl accompanies me all over the place. I don’t abandon her. Be that as it may, it is hard. That is to say, I figure any working mother will disclose to you that what sort of falls by the wayside, you know, are the long periods of rest that you wish you had, what not. I feel inconceivably fortunate and favored, yet I do now and again feel like that exorcist woman! Ann Taylor Who rushed to help me when I fell,/Or kissed the spot to make it well? My mom. Sarah Josepha Hale No impact is so ground-breaking as that of the mother. Katherine Butler Hathaway Mother is the one we depend on for the things that issue the majority of all. Lisa Alther Any mother could play out the occupations of a few air-traffic controllers effortlessly. Beverly Jones Presently, as usual, the most mechanized machine in a family is the mother. Carrie Latet My mother is truly a piece of me. You cannot say that regarding numerous individuals aside from family members, and organ benefactors. Dorothy Canfield A mother isn't an individual to incline toward, however an individual to make inclining pointless. Helen Rowland It takes a lady twenty years to make a man of her child, and another lady twenty minutes to make a dolt of him. Maya Angelou To depict my mom is expound on a storm in its ideal force. Barbara Kingsolver The quality of parenthood is more noteworthy than regular laws.

Mercedes Benz of U.S.A “The Best or Nothing”- Mercedes Benz Essay

Mercedes Benz is one of the most conspicuous names on the planet. In the event that you notice vehicle, extravagance, trustworthy, execution and â€Å"The Best or Nothing†, the main name it goes ahead your psyche is Mercedes Benz. History of Mercedes Benz is the best out there, however I am going to concentrate on the Mercedes Benz USA, otherwise called MBUSA. MBUSA is a division answerable for circulation and promoting of Mercedes Benz items in the U. S. The home office of MBUSA are in Montvale, New Jersey. There are two vendor areas of MBUSA in upper east Ohio, one in Willoughby and the other one in Bedford. Additionally remembered for their division are Maybach, Smart and Sprinter. In spite of the fact that established in 1965, MBUSA began bringing in Mercedes Benz in 1952, and the notorious vehicle that began everything was 300SL Gullwing. It was established under Max Hoffman; the current CEO of MBUSA is Steve Cannon. Other key work force at MBUSA are Harald Henn CFO and VP, Inigo Mazquiaran GM of Corporate Finance and Joachim Schmidt Executive Vice President of Sales and Marketing for Mercedes-Benz. Over the next years, MBUSA developed into an across the country association, presently utilizing more than 1500 individuals. The organization additionally has 356 related vendors that utilize 21,500 individuals themselves. MBUSA works in the Car Dealership industry, in the dissemination and showcasing division of vehicle deals industry to be progressively explicit. With 305,072 traveler vehicles sold in the U. S. in 2012. SWOT Analysis Strengths: 1. Mercedes Benz has a solid brand esteem and worldwide pioneer in premium vehicles 2. Pioneer in development I. e. first to present diesel motors, fuel infusion and against locking brakes Weaknesses: 1. High upkeep cost of Mercedes Benz vehicle 2. Significant expenses contrasted with rivalry Opportunities: 1. Creating half breed vehicles and eco-friendly vehicles for the future 2. Quickly developing extravagance vehicle showcase and expanded salary Threats: 1. Consistently expanding fuel costs 2. Exceptional rivalry from worldwide car brands

George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 Essay -- essays research pa

Living in a general public with constrained opportunity of articulation isn't, regardless, pleasant. An authoritarian framework is a genuine case of such a general public, on the grounds that in spite of the fact that it gives control to the individuals, it can deny them a lot of opportunity to communicate. The anecdotal society in George Orwell’s 1984 additionally remains as an illustration for a Totalitarian culture. Correspondence, individual convictions, and individual faithfulness to the administration are completely constrained by the internal party which oversees the individuals of Oceania so as to shield them from revolting. Current society in North America is considerably more law based. It stands out from Orwell’s society of 1984 in light of the fact that correspondence, individual convictions and the people’s dependability to the legislature are totally controlled by the person. So as to keep the individuals of Oceania in similarity with the wants of the administering Inner Party, the Inner Party controls a few parts of the people’s lives. Correspondence is controlled to assist the country. Newspeak is an adjusted form of language that is authorized upon the individuals so as to restrict their appearance. Syme and Winston, two white collar class laborers in Oceania, talk about the idea of Newspeak. Syme uncovers that he underpins the framework, showing how he hosts been programmed by the Inner Gathering who implements it. "It’s a delightful thing, the annihilation of words... You haven’t a genuine thankfulness for Newspeak, Winston... Don’t you see that the entire point of Newspeak is to limit the scope of thought? At long last we will make thought-wrongdoing actually unthinkable, in light of the fact that there will be no words where to communicate it† (Orwell, 46). One can identify from this citation that the indi viduals of Oceania, as a gathering, host been programmed by the Inner Get-together to utilize just Newspeak. Syme, for one, comprehends the motivation behind it, he despite everything follows the framework since he has been prepared to do as such. North America in 2001 is vastly different from Orwell’s 1984 on the grounds that opportunity of articulation is a commanding component in our culture’s correspondence. In discussion just as papers and magazines, an assortment of perspectives and feelings are transparently communicated. In our reality we have the opportunity to converse with whom ever we pick. There are no limits on who we converse with and how we communicate. Through our TVs individuals can communicate various thoughts or musings. Control isn't authorized to a ... ...he government gives them the opportunity to do as such. These individuals are given the opportunity to be who they need to be, to be faithful to their own individual. All things considered, present day society has a very significant level of opportunity with respect to all types of articulation.      The story of 1984 mirrors a general public that thoroughly appears differently in relation to our general public today. While Orwell’s objective was basically composed to misrepresent the Totalitarian/Communist and different states of society encompassing him, 1984 presents a significant manual for life for us as current individuals living in North America. By cutting off correspondence, reducing individual convictions, and not permitting singular steadfastness Orwell can give us how this general public isn't right in our eyes. The authoritarian framework that George Orwell makes in this book, 1984, stands out from the general public we are accustomed to living in every day. Similarly as a significant target of learning our history is to guarantee that we don't rehash our errors. 1984 can offer admonitions to both government frameworks and people in regards to how society ought not be controlled. The enthusiastic control framew ork introduced in the book remains as a technique by which no individual would need to live by.

The Scarlet Letter :: Literary Analysis, Hawthorne

At the point when somebody commits an error, they typically attempt to shroud reality to maintain a strategic distance from the results. The Puritans had a severe society where all wrongdoings were met with brutal discipline. In The Scarlet letter, by Nathanial Hawthorn, Hester Prynne and Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale submit infidelity, however the open just thinks about Hester’s sin; Dimmesdale’s stays covered up. Be that as it may, by concealing his wrongdoing, Dimmesdale endures considerably more than Hester does. In The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorn shows that the repercussions of a â€Å"secret sin† are a lot of more awful than those of an uncovered sin. Hester’s discipline originates from society, so it isn't so agonizing as it could be. One piece of Hester’s discipline is to remain on the framework †in disgrace †for three hours. The framework is where â€Å"iniquity is hauled out into the sunlight† (57) and the fact of the matter is uncovered, so everybody in the Puritan town realizes that Hester is blameworthy of the transgression. While her discipline is stigmatizing, it isn't as awful as the disciplines normally seem to be, for she doesn't need to experience â€Å"that fuss around the neck† (58). The other piece of her discipline is to wear, for a mind-blowing remainder, a red â€Å"A† on her dress. The A, for philanderer, is intended to be a shame for the viewing pleasure of anyone passing by and mock. Be that as it may, Hester wonderfully weaves the imprint with gold-string and wears it with satisfaction. The imprint remains with her after she leaves the framework and finds a home o n the edge of town. She is initially disdained and stayed away from, yet she is required: She sews for the senator and officers for open functions. Because of the progression of time, her value, and her adequate conduct (she never fights with the open nor whines), Hester is pardoned and her transgression is overlooked. Seven years in the wake of accepting the â€Å"A,† individuals change the importance of the letter from â€Å"adulterer† to â€Å"able,† and as opposed to alluding to her as a heathen, the townspeople allude to her as one who is â€Å"so useful to the debilitated, so agreeable to the afflicted† (169). Society feels that Hester had just served enough discipline, and she in the long run turns into a regarded lady in the town. Since reality with regards to her wrongdoing is known, Hester can defeat society’s discipline; in the end she recaptures the acknowledgment, and even the adoration, of the Puritan townspeople.

Family and Delinquency Essay

How is it created and how is it Solved? Presentation â€Å"Abuse† and â€Å"violence† are viewed as terms that are accepted to be the modest representation of the truth of the real circumstance that is going on in the general public at the present time. It could be seen that as the years progressed, the quantity of people being defrauded by the said issue are unquestionably expanding making the word â€Å"abuse† a word as well as one among the numerous things that individuals inside the human culture dread most. Misuse is the path by which individuals attempt to abuse their fellowmen. This is paying little heed to the way that the individuals being abused are either their companions or their relatives also. It couldn't be denied that this loathsome circumstance have influenced the areas of human socialization as of now. The school foundations, the working environment, the places of worship and now even inside homes, the presence of misuse can't be greatly controlled any longer. This is essentially the motivation behind why it is imperative to take a few things in regards to this specific issue into thought for contemplating. This would normally permit an increasingly engaged methodology that will be created to help mishandled casualties both youthful and old, people to recuperate from the circumstance that they have been associated with when they were manhandled previously. It is basically horrifying to know how a profoundly settled society could be distressed by the various impacts of the injurious demonstrations that are realized as one of the significant detriments of the progressions of the general public. What are the wellsprings of these significant maltreatment? Probably, as analysts and sociologists call attention to, individuals are moved to make potential methods of discharging their pressure with respect to a few encounters through harrowing the security of others. The greater part of the individuals who are noted as the ones deceiving others have been once casualties themselves. On their own way at that point, they are attempting to discharge the downturn and the torment that they are harrowed with through giving the horrible circumstance to others as vengeance to the individuals who have once defrauded them. The damaging demonstrations and their impacts on the casualty don't end on the genuine demonstration of manhandling alone. The aftereffects of the said episodes represent further effect on the character of the casualty essentially relating on their social cooperation with the network that he lives with. In all probability, separation and the sentiment of lesser self-esteem inevitably create. It couldn't be denied that these outcomes are not really expected by the casualties before they were engaged with the maltreatment that they were confronted with. Positively, it is through the recollections of the maltreatment that the agony will in general stay in unlimited oversight of the victim’s significant dealings with the general public. Sooner or later, the said casualties will in general become socially keeping away from as they really dread that something very similar may transpire again in the hands of others that they could conceivably know. The trust that they used to have on others before they were deceived in the end blurs making it harder for them to recuperate on the past that they have encountered. The World Reports and What They Pertain to As indicated by overall reports, there are a few injurious acts that are taken against the â€Å"weak ones† in a consistent schedule. Depressingly, the quantities of the casualties never stop to stop. Despite the fact that there is a solid push on the creation of the various laws and statutes that are intended to shield individuals from being manhandled on the spots that they are living or working in, it is evident that there is as yet a significant yearly ascent to the pace of the populace turning out to be casualties of the said horrible circumstance. As referenced above, there are various kinds of misuses that torment the general public today. With the impacts of media and different distributions that incite both sexual wants and brutality, the wants of individuals to plan something terrible for others to just go along to the thirst that they feel for themselves and the fulfillment that they should arrive at become a lot of distinctive and harder to maintain a strategic distance from. Thus, pushing the abusers to think of ruinous acts that bring others into a staggering circumstance. It could be noted too through mental investigations that one reason for the ways by which individuals are moved to follow a specific way that drives them to manhandling others really include sadness and inside and out negligence of one’s self. More often than not, when gloom and stress assumes control over the psychological arrangement of a specific individual, the choosing intensity of the individual starts to debilitate subsequently making it feasible for him to make gigantic strides of dangerous acts that typically lead to them manhandling others. Truly, disappointments and unfulfilled missions or points welcome a lot of misery on human people. At the point when this downturn is treated in an inappropriate way, the circumstance gets more earnestly to control. Analysts especially note this as one of the disappointments of the sensory system to help one in equitably choosing for what should be acceptably option to do when difficult to-manage conditions emerge. The said disappointment step by step influences to one loosing his command over his activities. Add to the way that there are the individuals who take addictive substances that are legitimately influencing their dynamic abilities subsequently making it harder for them to decide of whether what they are doing are correct or not. The Personal Effects of Abuse and Violence As referenced before, savagery and misuse are two related terms that portray the dangerous circumstance that the vast majority who are less ready to secure themselves experience on the hands of the severe part of the human populace. Henceforth, through the investigation that has been introduced above, it could be noticed that the consequences of the said episodes may either be certain or negative with respect to the person that has been defrauded by the said circumstance. The outcome becomes positive when the casualties basically figures out how to guard himself whenever that a similar circumstance happens or somehow or another the person has just figured out how to shield themselves from really being associated with damaging circumstances dependent on the experience that they once had. Despite what might be expected, the outcomes may get negative if the casualty starts to see the circumstance as an occurrence that could carry her or him to a dreadful state against the frameworks of the human culture. The condition of confinement becomes and self-dismissal is then added to the negative consequences of the said episodes. Including the Family Amidst all the triumphs that the general public accomplishes through the presence of innovation and correspondence, it is very upsetting how the circumstance of the most significant part of the general public endures to such an extent. Family, as the essential unit of the social connections, is the one getting the most negative impacts of innovative and modern headways. Closeness and connection has been a lot of a hard case to manage when managing the cutting edge wedded couples. The considerations of quite a while in the past in regards to the since a long time ago run relationship that marriage should be had been step by step changed by the way that arrangement of the general public today have just changed also. The needs and the objectives of people have just been traded with the need of being monetarily fruitful in the field of their own picked vocations. Unfortunately, albeit the two people know that they were intended to share an exceptional relationship dependent on adoration, just few can understand to comprehend the truth of the promises that they give near the precarious edge of their wedding services. Marriage, as a â€Å"human contract† is an uncommon bond that ought to be considered as a genuine connection between two individuals who are limited by adoration. In any case, eventually, the perspective on marriage has been changed during the current time. As a result of the social changes, marriage has been exposed to various difficulties. Today, clashes are straightforwardly besieged towards the relationship of wedded couples that thus makes the circumstance a lot harder to manage. Therefore, numerous among those couples basically end up in separate. For a long time, it has been a standard meaning of a family to be alluded to as a gathering of individuals who are identified with one another and are hence reinforced together by blood. The connection inside the said bunch goes past simply the presence of a typical blood, however it is additionally connected more grounded through the presence of adoration. With the said progressions however of the general public, the family is additionally exposed to confronting a few issues that worries the quality of its ties. . Since time is inadequate with regards to, the individuals from the family are making some hard memories making time for themselves to at any rate manage each other through correspondence, thusly, closeness is lost. This is explicitly obvious with guardians, or wedded couples. On account of the time that they commit to their employments, they ordinarily think that its difficult to adjust their opportunity to give each other consideration for the improvement of their relationship. Accordingly, the affection that they once have lost the adoration that they once had for one another as a result of absence of time, correspondence and closeness, their relationship’s strength starts to float away. Despite what might be expected however, Donna and Roger are among the couples who can address the difficulties of marriage in the midst of the considerable number of difficulties both individual and familial that are introduced to the general public these days. In spite of the fact that there had been some harsh segments of their marriage, it could be noted through the meeting that they have figured out how to set through their disparities and had the option to make changes in order to give themselves some space to improve as people and as couples. It is verifiable that being hitched at a youthful age is something that is a lot harder to manage that managing just the difficulties of marriage itself. Beside all the budgetary issues, individual changes unquestionably should have been given consideration particularly with respect to the in

Dealing with Anxiety While in School

Dealing with Anxiety While in School Dealing with Anxiety While in School Dealing with Anxiety While in School Going back to school or entering a new education program can be exciting and anxiety provoking. The pressure of taking classes and managing to complete required coursework can take a toll on students’ mental wellness. Coping with anxiety at university is a common experience. According to Statistics Canada, people aged 15 to 24 are most likely to experience anxiety disorders. If you are experiencing anxiety throughout the school year, know that you are not alone. While anxiety is a natural reaction to stress, for some it can be a serious struggle with mental health. Michael Van Ameringen, a professor in the department of psychiatry at McMaster University, is cited as saying that university students are at the peak age for developing mental health issues if they have the predisposition. Students’ age combined with the stresses of school can create the perfect storm for the onset of mental health challenges. It is important to address stress and anxiety as they can exacerbate and become bigger problems over the long-term. Experts suggest accessing on-campus support from the school counsellor. Counselling can offer strategies for managing stress and anxiety. Professionals also note that it is important not to isolate yourself. Draw on family, friend, and community supports to validate your experience of anxiety and stress. Spending time with peers can help you feel less alone. Procrastination can be a factor that causes undue stress and anxiety. Attempt to evade procrastination and avoid deadlines building up. Procrastination is often a difficult habit to change though, so if you find yourself strapped for time and feeling the pressure, services such as those offered by Homework Help Canada can offer support. Using resources like essay outlines or editing services as offered by Homework Help Canada can help you save time and assist you to stress less! Anxiety can be a serious mental health issue for some people. Without the proper support and acknowledgement of the problem it can worsen over time and lead to burnout. Accessing the proper supports such as student counsellors, peer connections, and academic writing services offered by organizations such as Homework Help Canada can assist you in addressing the issue and having a successful school career. References: Belluz, J. (2010, November 18). High anxiety Macleans.ca. Retrieved August 31, 2015. Nabi, Z. (2013, September 4). Coping with Anxiety at University. Retrieved August 31, 2015. coping-anxiety-university Dealing with Anxiety While in School Dealing with Anxiety While in School Dealing with Anxiety While in School Going back to school or entering a new education program can be exciting and anxiety provoking. The pressure of taking classes and managing to complete required coursework can take a toll on students’ mental wellness. Coping with anxiety at university is a common experience. According to Statistics Canada, people aged 15 to 24 are most likely to experience anxiety disorders. If you are experiencing anxiety throughout the school year, know that you are not alone. While anxiety is a natural reaction to stress, for some it can be a serious struggle with mental health. Michael Van Ameringen, a professor in the department of psychiatry at McMaster University, is cited as saying that university students are at the peak age for developing mental health issues if they have the predisposition. Students’ age combined with the stresses of school can create the perfect storm for the onset of mental health challenges. It is important to address stress and anxiety as they can exacerbate and become bigger problems over the long-term. Experts suggest accessing on-campus support from the school counsellor. Counselling can offer strategies for managing stress and anxiety. Professionals also note that it is important not to isolate yourself. Draw on family, friend, and community supports to validate your experience of anxiety and stress. Spending time with peers can help you feel less alone. Procrastination can be a factor that causes undue stress and anxiety. Attempt to evade procrastination and avoid deadlines building up. Procrastination is often a difficult habit to change though, so if you find yourself strapped for time and feeling the pressure, services such as those offered by Homework Help USA can offer support. Using resources like essay outlines or editing services as offered by Homework Help USA can help you save time and assist you to stress less! Anxiety can be a serious mental health issue for some people. Without the proper support and acknowledgement of the problem it can worsen over time and lead to burnout. Accessing the proper supports such as student counsellors, peer connections, and academic writing services offered by organizations such as Homework Help USA can assist you in addressing the issue and having a successful school career. References: Belluz, J. (2010, November 18). High anxiety Macleans.ca. Retrieved August 31, 2015. Nabi, Z. (2013, September 4). Coping with Anxiety at University. Retrieved August 31, 2015. coping-anxiety-university

SAT Humor

No, thats actually not an oxymoron. There is, believe it or not, humor on quite a few Critical Reading passages. Its not ha-ha, laugh-out-loud, in-your-face humor; its adult humor, subtle, wry, dry, irreverent, ironic, and facetious. And Ive started to notice recently that its the one thing that pretty much every single one of my students has trouble with, regardless of how far into the 700s theyre scoring. I think there are a few reasons for this difficulty: A lot of the strong readers, the ones who actually know what these things are and can recognize them under normal circumstances, get so incredibly freaked out by the test that it simply doesnt occur to them that certain parts of passages are intended to be funny. When I prod them to think about whats being said and to read it out loud (more about that later), they usually get it without too much trouble. The weaker readers, and even some of the stronger ones, are usually not even sure what facetiousness, wry humor, and irreverence are. The concepts quite literally do not exist for them. On one hand, this is not terribly surprising; all of these kinds of humor are, by definition, subtle. Thats why theyre hard, and thats precisely why theyre tested on hard questions. One of the things that makes these kinds of humorous tones so difficult to identify is the fact that recognizing them is largely based on understanding the relationship between written and spoken language. Even more so than other kinds of tones, wry humor and irony are more reliant on the readers ability to hear the authors voice internally, to feel where the stresses and emphases occur, where the pitch rises and falls. If someone is not a totally fluent reader that is, if they have to devote their attention to puzzling out what the words actually 1) sound like, and 2) what they literally mean there is simply no way they can hear those words as part of a naturally spoken phrase. And hearing the authors voice in turn often depends on the readers ability to understand how authors convey emphases through punctuation. In such cases, hearing tone becomes the result of seeing tone; aural becomes visual. Its relatively easy to figure out that the tone is negative when the author is using words like difficult, terrible, or impossible; its much harder to hear the relationship between, say, a parentheses or dashes and the kind of dropped, drawn-out voice that indicates someone is making an ironic aside especially if no ones ever asked you to pay much attention to punctuation in the first place, or asked you to think about how to translate the natural cadences of your own speech into writing. I actually think that is why so many test-takers also have trouble identifying when the authors tone is conversational or informal. They simply cant draw the connection between whats on the page and how people actually speak. Finally, this kind of humor is largely based on wordplay. Many relatively straightforward vocabulary questions test the ability to recognize when words are being used in their second or third meaning based, and humor questions add yet another layer of complication. Here the test does not explicitly inform the test-taker that words are being used in non-literal ways; rather, the reader is expected to deduce it from context and perceive the humor accordingly. Tricky? Some (ok, many) might call it that, but understanding these kinds of subtleties is a big part of what adult-level reading involves, SAT or no SAT. I think many of the difficulties that people have with these kinds of questions results from that fact that Americans are generally taught to be very suspicious of people who play with words. Theyre seen as slippery, untrustworthy somehow. Theres an assumption that language is, or should be, transparent: being plain-spoken is seen as a sign of honesty and integrity. Wordplay, which destabilizes meaning, is urbane, highbrow, intellectual humor, and is seen as vaguely arrogant and decadent, I think its fair to say that mastering it or even learning to recognize it is not an integral part of English education in the United States. The result is that kids who are lucky enough to grow up surrounded by people who like to play with words tend to absorb this kind of humor naturally; kids who arent exposed to that kind of linguistic play, or who grow in homes where English isnt spoken, tend to have an extremely hard time recognizing it and/or understanding why its funny. Unfortunately, this is one type of question that theres no easy way to master. The shortcut would be to simply pick wry when it appears as an option and none of the choices you do understand clearly seem to work the odds are likely in your favor, but knowing the SAT, thats probably not a foolproof solution. If you do have some familiarity with this type of humor and see wry or facetious or irreverent as an answer choice, go back to the passage carefully and see if the author has done anything to indicate that he or she is not being entirely serious (quotes, italics, exclamations marks, deliberately exaggerated language) If thats the case and youre still not 100% sure, you can at least make a reasonably educated guess.

The Southern Colonies Developed Race Based Slavery

The Southern Colonies developed race-based slavery because of the rising need to increase labor and to decrease costs. The move toward profit-based agriculture over subsistence farming meant that there was an expanding need for laborers, which would increasingly expand with success, necessitating a further increase of cheap labor. In addition to being labor intensive, the Southern crops: rice, tobacco, sugarcane, and indigo were grown for cash rather than for immediate need. Technically there is no such thing as enough with a goal as abstract as profit and so would not end with a fulfilled, finite, need but rather with means and a desire to expand. With profit as a goal expansion is only limited by available, usable, acreage and becomes a goal in and of itself. With expansion as a goal, a self-replenishing and unpaid workforce allows for greater profit and thus greater expansion. It was a snowball effect creating a market for humans. Luckily, for those in power, there was a pre cedent for unpaid labor in the form of indentured servitude. The workforce made up of those working off their travel, food, and room and board had already proved useful and cost-effective in this new market. As fully owned slaves began to arrive there grew a need to fully define the differences under the law. Virginia enacted the earliest of such laws which began to define the status of those of African descent within the colonies. According to one of the laws: †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦any negroe, molatto,Show MoreRelatedSlavery And Its Effects On Society1440 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery spans to nearly every culture, nationality, and religion and from ancient times to the present day. Slavery was a legal institution in which humans were legally considered property of another. Slaves were brought to the American colonies, and were utilized in building the economic foundations of the new world. 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In fact, the first Africans to arriveRead MoreAPUSH SLAVERY FRQ813 Words   |  4 Pages FRQ #2: Analyze the origins and development of slavery in Britain’s North American colonies in the period 1607 to 1776. The founding of the majority of American colonies was either for an economic profit or for religious freedom. To make the colonies founded for an economic profit, a large work force was needed. For many religious colonies that turned into huge economic powers, they used the Protestant work ethic. Other colonies decided to use indentured servants originally, but this ended upRead MoreEssay on Tobacco/Cotton Slavery FRQ1677 Words   |  7 Pagesforces transformed the institution of slavery the early seventeenth century to the nineteenth century? When approaching slavery from a historical standpoint, it is a tendency to generalize the experience of slaves. However, slavery differs per region and time period. The differing climates of the Chesapeake region and Deep South determined the crops that would be grown and consequently the severity of slave labor. Likewise, over time slavery evolved from a class based system (poor indentured servantsRead MoreSlavery And The American Economy1284 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery spans to nearly every culture, nationally, and religion and from ancient times to the present day. Slavery was a legal institution in which humans were legally considered property of another. In the 18th century, new ideas of human rights and freedom emerged out of the European Enlightenment stretching across the Americas and Europe. By the era of the American Revolution, the belief that slavery was wrong and would ultimately have to be abolished was widespread, in both the Americas and northern

Anotated Bibliography - 3235 Words

Annotated Bibliography Working Thesis: Organ Donors should be able to have the right to choose if their organs after death will be donated to another without any complications even if they die of brain death or euthanasia, inside or outside a medical facility, as well as laws should be put in place or an alternative method stating that their wishes no matter what the family thinks, due to ethical or moral issues, should be honored. Organs are going to waste every year because not enough people are donating their organs. Many people choose to donate but their family members decide not to let them donate after they pass away due to the situation they are in. Different cultures agree that organ transplantation is a good act of†¦show more content†¦This article is different from the others because it gives the families perspective behind transplantation. The article is credible because there is a lot of legal information in it as well as many legal terms. 3. Bresnahan, M., amp; Mahler, K. (2010). Ethical debate over organ donation in the context of brain death. Bioethics, 24(2), 54-60. 21 February 2013. Retrieved from www.ebscohost.com Summary: the main purpose of this article is to inform people of the ethical issues in different religions and how they are not very different among them. Ethical issues come into play when they are taking organs from people who die due to brain death and are still in a vegetative state. We don’t actually know if they are dead in that situation. This article provides ethical issues related to why so many different cultures won’t donate the organs when their loved ones are on life support because of brain death. Evaluation: this article can be useful because it provides me with a more balanced argument. I can give the points of ethics where they do want to donate but also when they refuse to donate. This is different from other articles because it shows the opposite side of the argument. This article seems credible but at first it did not when Google was mentioned. The article was actually stating Google to point out that Google isn’t a reliable source. This article gives relative facts of ethics and uses many differentShow MoreRelatedAnotated Bibliography for Health Care1932 Words   |  8 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Sered, Susan S., and Rushika Fernandopulle. Uninsured in America: Life Death of the Land of of Opportunity. Berkley: University of California Press, 2005. Print. Sered and Fernandopulle argue why America current health system is in such horrible condition. Based on interviews with 120 uninsured men and women, medical providers, policy makers, and advocates in America, they discuss the consequences of being uninsured. There are more than forty million people uninsuredRead MoreAnotated Bibliography on Literacy in the Primary Years681 Words   |  3 PagesChristie, F. (2005). Language and Literacy. In Language education in the primary years (pp. 1-12). Sydney: University of New South Wales Press In this chapter we are introduced to language being a basic resource with which we learn both in oral and written form and become a responsibility of teachers in the primary schooling years to allow this opportunity to be given to all. The debate over methods autonomous and â€Å"ideological† is discussed where the debate takes into consideration factors fromRead MoreChildren ´s Diet and Nutrition, An Anotated Bibliography Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Bauer, K. W., Berge, J. M., Larson, N., Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2011). Are Parents of Young Children Practicing Healthy Nutrition and Physical Activity Behaviors? Pediatrics, 127(5), 881-887. doi: 10.1542/peds.1010-3218. The authors of this article present an investigation on the changes in health behaviors during parenthood. The study examines health behaviors, such as nutrition and physical activity, of both parents and young adults without children. Based on the findingsRead MoreEssay about Anotated Bibliography No Child Left Behind760 Words   |  4 PagesLevente Vizi Professor Di Gloria ENC 1101 T2 137 25 March 2012 Annotated Bibliography What the paper Whats Missing from No Child Left Behind? A Policy Analysis from a Social Work Perspective. argues is that the No Child Left Behind bill might not be accomplishing its purpose. Moreover, the paper sheds light on the social and emotional risk factors that prevent students from succeeding in school. In the end, the article suggests that school social workers are capable of eliminating theseRead MoreThe Digital Divide Of The First Grade School Children954 Words   |  4 PagesEducation, along with colleagues in the European Schoolnet (2012) is encouraging the expansion of in–service classes, directed at teachers and their instructional use of ICT in the classroom, instead of focusing only on the technology itself. ANOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY HATLEVIK, Ove Edvard; GUDMUNDSDOTTIR, Greta Bjà ¶rk. An emerging digital divide in urban school children’s information literacy: Challenging equity in the Norwegian school system. First Monday, [S.l.], mar. 2013. ISSN 13960466. Date accessed:Read MoreExegesis : Joshua 6 : 15-213605 Words   |  15 Pages Bibliography Adele, Berlin, Marc Zvi Brettler, and Michael Fishbane, ed. The Jewish Study Bible. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Boadt, Lawrence. Reading the Old Testament: An Introduction. New York: Paulist Press, 1984. Boling, Robert, and G. Ernest Wright. The Anchor Bible: Joshua. Vol. 6. Garden City, NY: Doubleday Company, Inc., 1982. Bowker, John. The Complete Bible Handbook. New York: DK Publishing, Inc., 1998. Coogan, Michael, et al, eds. The New Oxford Anotated Bible:

Sir Thomas Aquinas And William Paley s Argument On The...

Sir Thomas Aquinas and William Paley present two arguments for the existence of God. Aquinas defines God as omnibenevolent (all good) for his argument, and he continues in â€Å"The Five Ways† to present arguments to prove God’s existence (Rosen et al. 11). Paley, on the other hand, primarily defines God as a designer worthy of our admiration for his work (Rosen et al. 27). During class discussion, defining God involved three major qualities: omnipotence, omniscience, and omnibenevolence. Both Aquinas and Paley are attempting to prove the existence of the (Christian) God associated with these qualities. Although Aquinas’s â€Å"Cosmological Argument† and Paley’s â€Å"Argument from Design† have different premises, both have a similar logical gap in their†¦show more content†¦As discussed in class, modern scientific research provides alternatives to Aquinas’s presumed necessities. An infinite series of causes no longer seems im possible. This research disproves Aquinas s third premise (P3), and his argument for God as the first cause is consequently unnecessary. Furthermore, the fourth premise still has a logical gap between the first cause and God. Aquinas offers no explanation as to why the first cause must be God or a supernatural being at all. The first cause may just as easily be a spontaneous event, or a first cause may not exist at all in an infinite universal cycle. William Paley has a similar logical gap in his â€Å"Argument from Design,† but he attempts to address this issue in â€Å"Chapter V.† Previously in this argument, Paley attests that the nature of humans and their parts implies a designer. From the discussion in class, Paley’s argument can be organized as follows: P1. Artifacts like watches are complex and have a purpose. P2. Artifacts like watches have designers. P3. The human eye is complex and has a purpose. C1. Therefore, the human eye probably has a designer. This kind of argument is analogical, and it does not prove certainty by its nature. In the conclusion, â€Å"probably† is still a necessity. Certainty about the relevance of the traits of design cannot be proven in the same manner of other logical arguments. Complexity and purposefulness are not the only traits

Summary Of Jealousy In Homers Odyssey - 856 Words

The Odyssey by Homer, is an epic poem that takes its readers on an adventure with the epic hero, Odysseus. It takes Odysseus ten years to return to his home, Ithaka, after the Trojan War. He faces many mystical monsters and the rage of the gods. A lot of problems that he faces come from the results of temptation. Giving into temptation leads to setbacks and consequences, just like how in The Odyssey the bag of wind, the cattle of Helios, and the sirens prevented Odysseus and his men from returning home. Homer wants his readers to know the outcomes that come with temptation by analyzing these three tragedies. Jealousy is a major factor of the urges that come from temptation. Odysseus’ men were driven by temptation to open the bag of what†¦show more content†¦On the island of Thrinakia, the men of Odysseus were persuaded and tempted by Eurylokhos to eat the cattle of Helios. Even after Odysseus warned them not to and they swore on an oath that they wouldnt their hunger drove and tempted them. Eurylokhos’ persuasive speech urged the men to eat the meat when he said, â€Å"‘Comrades,’ he said, ‘You’ve gone through everything; listen to what I have to say. All deaths are hateful to us, mortal wretches, but famine is the most pitiful, the worst end that a man can come to. Will you fight it? Come, we’ll cut out the noblest of these cattle for sacrifice to the gods who own the sky; and once at home, in the old country of Ithaka, if ever that day comes- we’ll build a costly temple and adorn it with every beauty for the Lord of Noon’† (page 221, lines 437-448). He almost shames the men into eating the meat when he tells them that if their hunger killed them it would be an ignominy of a death. That being said, the temptation led them into eating the meat and, as a consequence, Odysseus men were sucked into the whirlpool of Charybdis. This is yet another example of how temptation leads to setbac ks and consequences, just like the Sirens tried luring Odysseus in to kill him. Persuasive people often tempt people into giving into their urges, which encourages their longing for something. Emotions and feelings are very tempting to give into. The Sirens are beautiful women who lure sailing men in by tempting them with this voice. They

Kenneth Branagh’s Hamlet Free Essays

Kenneth Branagh’s 1996 adaptation of Hamlet is a great way to enjoy the popular Shakespeare play. While I found the film to be quite lengthy, I thoroughly enjoyed seeing a film version of the story I only knew a little bit about from reading an excerpt of Hamlet in high school. I think Kenneth Branagh did an excellent job in making the screen play into a movie. We will write a custom essay sample on Kenneth Branagh’s Hamlet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Everything in every scene couldn’t have been done more perfectly. Better yet is the cast, with actors like Kenneth Branagh himself, as Hamlet, Kate Winslet as Ophelia, Billy Crystal, and Robin Williams among many other great actors. The tragedy starts with just that, tragedy, the death of Hamlet’s Father, the king. The movie starts out with the watchmen on duty seeing an apparition of some kind, which they later learn is Hamlet’s deceased father. The watchmen decide to tell Hamlet of this strange apparition after Hamlet’s mother, the queen’s wedding to her brother in law. While the wedding is going on and after the ceremony, Hamlet is clearly distraught. The queen is marrying Hamlet’s father’s brother only two short months after his father’s sudden death. The watchmen tell Hamlet of the strange apparition that is haunting them nightly and Hamlet is curious, he wants to see it for himself. In my favorite scene of the entire movie, Hamlet runs through the foggy woods that night, yelling, screaming for his father’s tragic passing. He gets a response from his father’s spirit; his father’s voice speaks in the most bone chilling voice. He tells Hamlet that his death was â€Å"most cruel and most unnatural† and he makes this very clear, saying it more than once. He says his brother snuck up on him while he was asleep in the orchard and poured a leprous mixture into his ear. The King’s own brother committed the deed that made him fall ill and die almost immediately. Before disappearing into the night, the apparition says to Hamlet â€Å"Remember me! † This experience is of course very emotional for Hamlet. Hamlet wants to avenge his father’s death. He decides the only way to wear on the new king’s conscience is to put on a play that is basically the story of his father’s betrayal by his brother and the queen for having married him. While this is going on, everyone is saying Hamlet has gone â€Å"mad† because of his erratic behavior, but attributes it to his being love sick over his girl friend, Ophelia. Hamlet loves Ophelia, and she loves him, but her father forbids her to see him any longer. Hamlet is enraged by this, as he is many things Ophelia’s father says and does. In the heat of an argument, Hamlet kills Ophelia’s Father. Ophelia is devastated, goes insane, and eventually ends up drowning herself. Ophelia’s brother returns from France to find out his father has been slain by Hamlet and Ophelia has killed herself. Needless to say, Ophelia’s brother is furious. Ophelia’s brother and the King plan for him and Hamlet to spar. They plan to poison the cup Hamlet drinks from during the fight, so he will undoubtedly die. While fencing, the King insists that Hamlet drink for doing well, but he refrains and says he will wait until later. Next, the queen offers him a drink, but again he refuses, so she drinks out of the cup that is poisoned instead. The fight turns quite vicious and Ophelia’s brother is struck down. At the same time the queen has fallen to the floor, dying, saying she had been poisoned before she took her last breath. Ophelia’s brother confesses that the King is the one who poisoned the cup in order to kill Hamlet. Hamlet and Ophelia’s brother make amends before he dies. Enraged, Hamlet goes after the King and feeds him the poison. The King dies. Then Hamlet dies of poisoning. The Norwegian crown prince and his army storm the castle in order to assume the throne, wasting no time. They are astounded by the royal deaths. I thought the movie had an excellent cast, all great actors that did a wonderful job. Kenneth Branagh made a good Hamlet. I liked Hamlet’s character and hoped the best for him, even though I did not agree with some of the things he did. I felt badly for Hamlet, as I also did Ophelia when she took her own life out of misery. I think it is sad they did not end up together; but then again that’s the point, it’s a tragedy. I loved the original King, although he wasn’t in the movie much in life form, he seemed like a fair and wise King. The actor who played the king did a fantastic job in the foggy woods scene. All in all the entire cast was very convincing, so much that you either came to love or hate the characters. I think there are many themes in Hamlet. The one that stands out the most is the importance of thinking before acting. Hamlet does and says many things he might not if he took some time to first â€Å"cool down†. It seems as if he is too hasty to act and this often gets him into trouble making terrible things happen that he can’t simply take back. Another lesson to take from Hamlet is that nothing is forever and nothing is certain. Hamlet wrestled with the validity of the experience of his father’s apparition, he questioned whether or not it really happened. For some things in this life there is no hard science. Sometimes the answers are not always clear; you just have to trust your own judgment. I really enjoyed watching the movie version of Hamlet. Quite honestly I thought turning a play into a movie would be difficult to make interesting, but it was done extremely well. I would love to go to a real live play version of Hamlet. I think the experience of seeing the acting up close on a stage would be totally different then watching the movie because the audience is able to get more involved in the story, but the movie is a good way to go if you don’t have the opportunity to see the play. The minor special effects in the movie really help to draw you in, but it’s nothing significant that couldn’t be done on stage as well. Hamlet is a classic story that has stood the test of time. I’m sure it will never stop being reenacted and adapted for movies in generations to come. How to cite Kenneth Branagh’s Hamlet, Papers

Contract Law and its Application

Question: Describe about the contract law and its application. Answer: Introduction The law that manages and rules the different elements associated with written and oral agreements like providing services and goods, properties and monetary transaction is Contract law (Inbrief, 2013). In case of the mentioned scenario, it can be noticed that, Henrietta, in order to prevent a former male friend from visiting her and creating nuisance she seeks the help of a firm of solicitors. But the firm provided her with a litigation clerk who lacked the required qualification to deal with her case. Under such a situation the question lies on whether she can take any legal actions against the firm for the negligence while providing the services to her and if she can make a claim against the firm what are the claims that she can make along with the legal actions that may be taken by her. Body As it can be seen from the provided circumstance, she engaged a firm of solicitors to handle her case, but the terms and conditions of the contract were not clearly stated. This cannot ignore the fact that there was a transaction between both the parties, i.e. Henrietta had paid to the firm to gain their services. This makes it evident that a contract had taken place between the two parties as fee was received by the firm in exchange of their services. On the basis of the formation of the contract it is evident that an implied in-fact contract had taken place between Henrietta and the firm of solicitors. The fact that, though the terms of the agreement were not transparent at the time of formation of the agreement yet there was a mutual agreement regarding the intention of the agreement that occurred by the firms acceptance of the fee as offered by Henrietta makes this an implied in-fact contract. The behavior of both the parties makes it evident that an implied in-fact contract had taken place. In other words, in case of the provided scenario it can be noticed that the important elements of a contract are present i.e. an offer was made by a party which was followed by its acceptance, there was an element of consideration, which in this case was the service provided by the firm, both the parties were mentally fit and capable to enter in a contract at the time of formation of the agreement, there was the intention on the side of offeror as well as offeree to entre in a legal relation (Mandery, 2014). Thus it is obvious that when two parties are involved in a contract, they have to abide by the terms and conditions of the agreement. In this case, the firm of solicitors is liable to Henrietta as they are bound by the agreement according to, in exchange of the fee received from her they were supposed to provide with the best of services which they failed to do. Under such a situation, she can make claims or take legal contracts against the firm for the breach of contract law. The legal claims can be made by her on number of grounds, some the mentionable grounds are- economic loss and suffering, mental distress and upset along with unjust enrichment. Most importantly, professional negligence occurred on the part of the firm of solicitors in the mentioned case. The reason behind being the fact that, in spite of providing her with qualified, efficient solicitor to her in order to deal her case, the firm provided her with unqualified litigation clerk who was not effective and efficient enough to handle the case effectually. In such a situation before the whole circumstance turns more complicated, she can approach Legal Ombudsman. The organization is responsible for dealing with complaints that arises on the part of the clients against solicitors. In such cases, if Legal Ombudsman finds out that the client was provided with insufficient and inef fective services then the organization can help the client in receiving a compensation amount. If the client is not happy with the amount of compensation amount the she can move to take action for professional negligence. Henrietta can also ask for claim on the basis of breach of Duty of care (Glovers, 2014). It was the duty of the of the firm of solicitors in accordance to the contract between both the parties to provide her with professionals who possess expertise in the particular field and provide her with effective advise which was absent in this. As it can be seen that the firm provided her with an unqualified litigation clerk who was not capable enough to deal her case and provide her with effective advise. As a result of which of which breach of duty of care occurred this enables her to take action against the firm of solicitors. Other than that, as already mentioned she can ask claims form the firm of solicitors on the basis of the loss that she had to face because of them. She can emphasize on the fact that due to the misguiding and negligent behavior on the part of the firm she had to face mental trauma, distress along with financial loss on the basis of which as well Henrietta can ask for the claim. In this particular case she can also emphasize on the fact that unjust enrichment occurred in case of the firm (Furmston, Cheshire and Fifoot, 2007). The reason being the fact, that the fee that was paid by Henrietta in the expectation of the service that was promised or committed to her was not performed. Thus the firm was having financial gain or enrichment at the cost of the fee that they received from her. This also makes them liable to pay the compensation amount to her. Other than that, the firm is vicariously liable to Henrietta. The reason behind this being the fact, that it is the duty of any firm to appoint efficient employees and provide the plaintiff with effective services of those efficient employees. In case of any kind of negligence, inc apability or loss caused by the employee of the company, the organization becomes liable to the plaintiff. In this case as well, it can be noticed that because of the incapable employee of the firm, Henrietta had to face financial loss, mental trauma etc. Thus the incapability on the part of the employee of the firm to perform his or her duty effectively and the losses that Henrietta faced because of it also makes the company vicariously liable to her. On the basis of the above discussion it can be noticed that number of aspects that are associated with the formation of a contract and involved with contract law have been breached by the firm of solicitors that makes the company liable to Henrietta and she can ask for claims from the firm because of the loss and the issue that she had to face when she was taking service from them. Once the accusation mentioned by her turns out to be correct and proved in the court then the firm will have to pay the claim amount or compensation amount for the damage caused to her (Botterell, 2010). In this regard it is important to mention that, while demanding compensation it is essential for the claim seeker which in this case is Henrietta needs to have clear and detailed understanding of the difference negligence and misconduct. It can be mentioned here that, when on the part of the professionals there exists negligent or ignorant behavior it can taken under negligence (Burnett, 2011). While, when the professional willfully do not abide by the regulations or purpose of the agreement it comes under misconduct. Thus once it is proved that professional negligence has been committed by the firm of solicitors against Henrietta, in that case the legal avenues that are opened to her for exploring are- compensation for the loss and suffering, professional disciplinary hearing, public as well as private enquiries, professional misconduct and incompetence. In this regard it can be mentioned here that, negligence claims is associated with a time limit. Generally, the time limit starts with the date of negligence. With the help of the above mentioned aspects of contract law and its breach, Henrietta can attain the compensation amount or the amount of claim. Conclusion In the conclusion it can be stated that contractual law protects every dimension of any contract and in case of any form of breach of the law, sufficient actions can be taken against the party who breaches the law. As in this case it can be noticed that, the firm acted in a negligent manner, which is Henrietta proves successfully in the court can receive the compensation amount. In this regard it can be mentioned that a negligent solicitor can cost the valuable time and money of the clients, along with it such complications may be created because of it that would require legal help in to solve it. In general, professional negligence claim can be demanded by a client, if due to the negligent behavior of the professional the client had to face economic loss (Canter-law, 2014). References Botterell, A. (2010). CONTRACTUAL PERFORMANCE, CORRECTIVE JUSTICE, AND DISGORGEMENT FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT. Legal Theory, 16(03), pp.135-160. Burnett, R. (2011). Commercial litigation. London: Thorogood Publishing Ltd. Canter-law.co.uk. (2014). Solicitors in Liverpool for Over 60 Years Canter Levin Berg. Furmston, M., Cheshire, G. and Fifoot, C. (2007). Cheshire, Fifoot and Furmston's Law of contract. Glovers.co.uk. (2014). Solicitors London UK | Welcome to Glovers Solicitors LLP. Inbrief.co.uk. (2013). In Brief: The Free Legal Information Site. Mandery, M. (2014). Party Autonomy in Contractual and Non-Contractual

Rational Choice Theory Latent Trait Theory free essay sample

Similarities and Differences a. Rational Choice Theory Latent Trait Theory History of Criminology In the middle ages people who sullied common models were viewed as sorceresses or mad of an evil spirit. The methods used to ascertain a confession were torture, corporal punishment or execution. By the mid-eighteenth century, social academics began to reason for a more rational method to reprimand. They desired to quell the cruelty in punishment by matching crime and the punishment that came with it. As a result many different scientific experts are involved in the study of criminality. This is why criminology is considered an interdisciplinary field of study. These diverse disciplines include psychology, economics, political science, natural science, biology and the evolution and development of people. Criminology got its start in Europe around 1700s-1800s. What birthed during this time was classical belief of criminality. The founder of classical criminology, Cesare Beccaria, believed that criminals made a rational choice to commit a crime and that the punishment should fit the crime that was committed. We will write a custom essay sample on Rational Choice Theory Latent Trait Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This approach was to stave off the amount of torture going on in this time period. It was a way to level the playing field of crime and punishment. Then came positivist criminology with the belief that certain traits within a person can determine criminal behavior—either biosocial or psychological traits. â€Å"Criminology combines social action data with criminal activity to understand motive and determine appropriate consequences. As such, criminology is necessary for the proper development and execution of criminal justice systems. From the case development to long after the verdict, criminologists are responsible for understanding why criminals do what they do. Through this information people will be safer, better understood and justly punished for crimes. The ultimate motive behind criminology though, is the prevention of crime† (Sanders). Rational Choice Theory Rational choice theory is derived from the classical criminology model in that it holds the similar belief that criminals choose criminality cognitively. â€Å"†¦criminals are rational actors who plan their crimes, can be controlled by the fear of punishment, and deserve to be penalized for their misdeeds† (Siegel 2011). According to this theory, these people purposely violate the law after well-planned schemes devised aforetime. They act these crimes out with little regard for the possible punishment they would receive should they get caught. Several factors come into place when choosing to commit their crime. The personal ones consist of making money from the act, pay back against someone they think may have wronged them or someone close to them or just for the shear excitement and arousal they get from it. The joy they get from committing crime can be equated to a drug or alcohol induced high. In situations like this in their mind the reward far outweighs the punishment if caught. To the rational choice theorist, these decisions are cognitive in nature and done out of an impulsive mind; but one that is sound though criminal. â€Å"Rational choice theory and its assumptions about human behavior have been integrated into numerous criminological theories and criminal justice interventions†¦ The rational choice perspective has been applied to a wide range of crimes, including robbery, drug use, vandalism, and white-collar crime. In addition, neuropsychological literature shows that there are neurobiological mechanisms involved in our rational choices† (Wright). Evaluating the Risks of Crime An assessment is made by the criminal before the act of criminality is committed. Some in society have a misconception about criminals—some not all. Those who believe that criminals are just blithely ignorant people who just can’t do anything else, but violate the law are quite ignorant themselves. Rational choice theorists examine the mind or rationale of these criminals by how they prepare. There are checks and balances to every crime as believed by choice theorists. Cerebral criminals cautiously select objects, and their actions is methodical and discerning. For example a burglar is in this case is going to choose something that is not only worth money, but worth his/her time to even contemplate. For them the reward has to outweigh the risk. The risks that do come into play or the measures by which crime has to be weighed against are the likelihood of getting caught and the punishment for this particular crime. Embarrassment by their circle of friends and family or fellow criminals. Their reputation as a thief among those of ill repute. â€Å"People who decide to get involved in crime compare the chances of arrest (based on their past experiences) with the subjective psychic rewards of crime (including the excitement and social status it brings and perceived opportunities for easy gains)† (Siegel 2011). Offense- and Offender-Specific Crime Rational choice theorists view crime in two specific ways. One is offense-specific—this when criminal has a discriminatory response to physiognomies of a certain illegal deed. For example a burglar, in this case, will take into consideration how well the target is lit if at night; are there police nearby on patrol; is there a neighborhood watch or can the neighbors see the target house well; are there any dogs; or is it still occupied. These are just some the risk assessments these cognitive choice criminals make before committing a criminal act. It is very important for them to not get caught. They have already figured in the cost of getting caught by either the cops or the owner being home and possibly armed. The other is offender-specific—this is an offender’s self-evaluation of their abilities, reasons, desires, and qualms before determining to act out criminally. These offenders takes an introspective look to assess varying aspects like do they the necessary skills to even pull off the crime; do they really need the money they could get from this particular crime (does the benefit overshadow the cost); do they have the right tools to successfully commit the crime; will they be able to turn a profit from the items; are they physically fit enough to complete the crime; would they be able to outwit the police in a getaway? Careful examination goes into consideration and evaluation for cognitive choice criminality is executed. Latent Trait Theory Latent trait theorists believe that in some criminals there is an intrinsic predisposition resident either from birth or early in their childhood that possibly is the reason for their criminal or deviant behavior. They further believe this disposition increases the propensity for criminal behavior rather than civil behavior either by some mental deficiency or chemical defect in the brain or maybe even a physical abnormality in the brain. Moreover, they include drug usage, maybe by the parents or a possible injury of sorts. In any case latent trait theorists hold this belief that these traits influence criminality in these individuals. â€Å"regardless of gender or environment, those who maintain one of these suspect traits may be predisposed to crime and in danger of becoming career criminals; those who lack the traits have a much lower risk† (Siegel 2011). Crime and Human Nature Social scientists, James Q. Wilson and Richard Herrnstein, believe that â€Å"all human behavior whether criminal or non-criminal is based upon perceived consequences† (Siegel 2011). This means that people who aren’t necessarily governed by criminality can, if the opportunity presented itself, commit a crime. Conversely, they say that people with a criminal bent don’t always commit crime, especially if the high risk involved. In essence, these choices to commit a crime comes from a latent character trait within these individuals and maybe you and me. People how wouldn’t ordinarily commit a crime might find an opportunity to do so too irresistible to pass up. These latent trait theorists believe that’s when the latent trait takes over cause one to act impulsively at an opportunity. General Theory of Crime According to Hirschi and Gottfredson, the general theory of crime is believed that most criminality is impulsive; and with a lack of self-control (Siegel 2011). Their studies show that people with low self-control have propensity to act out impulsively. It doesn’t necessarily mean they become criminal as much as it means that most criminals operate should an opportunity present itself. Compulsive desire is a major contributor to deviant behavior and criminal acts. They believe that delinquents do not simply commit crime on a whim, but rather choosing to take advantage of an opportunity. They are not necessarily career criminals as much as they are individuals, typically males, with low self-control. It is also believed these tendencies can either be learned or caused by some sort of biology or socialization. Children of parents with the same low character can be greatly influenced into deviant behavior. This doesn’t mean they automatically become criminals, but it can lead to this type of acted out behavior if not dealt with at an early age. Children learn to cope by watching how their parent or authority figure in their lives copes with life. The learned behavior can seemingly be purported by deviant parents who display a deviant or criminal lifestyle in front of their children or maybe the child is born with some sort of mental deficit. â€Å"General theory assumes that self-control is a function of socialization and parenting, but some criminologists maintain it may also have a biological basis† (Siegel 2011). What they learn they repeat. It is also true of the community in which they live have an effect, whether positive or negative, on the formation of their character choices. â€Å"They observed as the self-control is formed by the nurturing method of the parents when juveniles were younger, and emphasized on the roles of parents in childhood by observing as the continuous tendency would be made after the adolescence, once self-control is formed† (Jaejung). At this point it is an intrinsic nature that is passed from one generation to the next. Unless the cycle is broken a member of the either this society or a particular family it will continue. However, the greatest influence or impressions do come from the parents of these deviant persons. These are the people they see and admire or for whom they have disdain—parental or guardian sway has the most control. The community in which they live only stands to compound that sway. â€Å"†¦how juveniles were raised in what kind of environment from the parents, which is, the internal factors have the biggest effect on juvenile delinquencies and the external factors are the additional influences† (Jaejung). Society’s Response to Criminal Behavior – General Deterrence Criminals who choose the commit crimes whether by cognitive means or even by impulsiveness deterrence is a necessary countermeasure against criminal activity. Punishment for criminality is one means to stave off criminal acts or at least deter them entirely. For some criminals knowing the type of punishment for the specific crime they intend to commit is enough of a deterrent for them not to go through with it. Others not so much. The reward itself is just enticing to disregard. â€Å"According to deterrence theory, not only the actual chance of punishment, but also the perception that punishment will be forthcoming, influences criminality† (Siegel 2011). Certainty, severity, and swiftness of Punishment are good preventive measures when threat of capture, sentence, and limitation of freedom and access increases—typically the crime rate will or should drop. Some criminals just won’t commit a crime if they for sure they’re going to be arrested and detained or jailed. I know people whose wives have attempted to provoke them to hit them just so they can call the cops and have the husband arrested to teach them a lesson of sorts. However, the husband didn’t do for fear of knowing that they would be going to jail. All three of these rates of punishment are believed to bring the crime threshold down. However, there are those criminals who just don’t care or are not swayed in the least about the recourse of their actions. They see the world as their pocket to pick. There’s probably no deterrence measure for them. Similarities and Differences Rational choice theorists and latent trait theorists parallel in belief that human behavior is determined by perceived consequences whether criminal or not. Both understand that different people process information in different ways. The information has to make sense before it can be used in any way. Even in the mind of a criminal, the choices, rational or impulsive, have to meet a kind of standard of reason—it has to make sense to them—thought it might not make sense to the rest of the world. Morality to an antisocial individual is based upon how they view their environment to include the people in it as well—and both theorists share this concept. Where they differ is how punishment for committing crime viewed or perceived. Criminals who make rational choices to commit crime don’t see themselves as ever getting caught. This is skewed rational based on how they view the world. This response can also be based on how these individuals may have witnessed others respond in the same circumstances when they were a youth. Seeing a parent or relative display this kind of arrogant behavior can have a lasting impression of how to cope when making such choices. Latent trait theorists believe that criminality is inevitable if given the opportunity exact it because this trait is innate and is governed by impulsiveness. Bottom line is rational choice criminality is always with mens rea whereas latent trait criminality isn’t necessarily with mens rea, but both do have actus reus.

Advice on Writing a Dissertation or Thesis

Advice on Writing a Dissertation or Thesis Expert Advice on How to Write a Dissertation or Thesis It has been shown in research that a lot of students are often uncertain about what is expected of them when they start the process of writing a thesis or a dissertation. The following writing tips and strategies have been compiled by university experts and they are designed to show students how to manage these tasks effectively. This guide also includes advice from three newly graduated students who successfully completed theses or dissertations in recent times. Begin as early as possible Irrespective of whether it is a thesis or dissertation you are writing, it is best to begin planning the project as soon as you possibly can. A good starting point is to carry a notebook with you at all times and write down ideas when they occur to you. Join any courses where the subject matter and the instructor’s interests match yours. Where possible, pick writing projects that you can use as a foundation for your thesis or dissertation or ones that are compatible with your goals. A little strategic planning is a great way of developing a research â€Å"stream.† Any past research papers you have written are also a good way of helping to define areas of interest and you may be able to extend your previous work into a possible topic for a dissertation. Be Prudent in Your Choice of Advisors The experts who helped us write this guide suggest your first consideration should be people who are known to help students succeed. To find such people, you could ask more advanced-level students about university staff who are reputed to be â€Å"high achievers† or those who are known to have a positive attitude towards higher education and student achievement. Find out which faculty members are known to be helpful to students and those who are less so. Secondly, you need an advisor who is attentive to your degree requirements, your dissertation or thesis project, to meeting deadlines, and to your needs as a student. Choose someone who fully understands the thesis or dissertation process, is a good communicator, and who is discerning but fair. Lastly, the advisor you choose should be experienced so this means you may want to avoid new faculty members. The best advisors are likely to be those members who have previously served on dissertation committees. Be Prudent in Your Choice of Supervisory Committee Generally speaking, a dissertation supervision committee is made up of three or maybe four extra faculty staff. You should again consider those who have a good reputation for helping students prepare for graduation and who enjoy good levels of cooperation with fellow faculty members. One student who completed a sociology thesis for a Master’s degree recently claims that the process is made a lot easier when a supervisory committee is thoughtfully-designed and complements the student’s abilities and skills. So, what is the process for identifying these people? Get acquainted with your college professors. Go to research seminars to better understand the fields they work in. Enrol in classes and talk to the lecturers and professors. Read any work they have written. Speak to advanced-level students. However, the best strategy of all is to take your advisor’s advice when selecting a committee. Be Prudent in Your Choice of Topic When it comes to choosing a topic for a dissertation, there is one important word to remember, and that is ‘focus!’ This word can save you a lot of time, energy and effort when it comes to limiting your research question or problem. It is also advisable to select a topic that is manageable. It is most likely your dissertation will be quite big, but it should not be a lifelong work. Enlist the help of your advisor to whittle the topic down so that it does not take you two decades to graduate! Lastly, our university experts recommend choosing a topic you have a love-hate relationship with. This, they say, is because no matter what subject you choose, you will come to hate it in time. If a topic is not interesting or inspiring, it will eventually become easy to find reasons not to work on it. However, this should not happen with subject matter you like. Meet Regularly with Your Dissertation Adviser Maintain close contact with your dissertation adviser and continually ask for their advice. This person will have a broad perspective on your topic and their views should help you retain your focus. Plan meetings in advance to ensure these are of maximum benefit to you both. Have a list of questions or topics ready prior to every meeting so that you do not forget any discussion points. Put simply, this means preparing a meeting agenda. Make copious notes. After meetings with your adviser, sum-up your discussion and email it to him or her. Most likely, your adviser will be mentoring other students so it is not realistic to expect them to precisely recall your discussions at different meetings. However, sending a summary by email helps ensure you are both â€Å"singing from the same hymn sheet!† Keep a Copy of Every Single Thing Stories abound about students who store copies of important college papers in their fridge in case of a house fire. While this might be excessive, it is advisable to keep copies of different chapters in various places such as in an email folder, on an external drive, or on a flash drive. Another recently graduated student explained why it is important to keep an adviser’s feedback. This student says that a) advisers sometimes expect to see their feedback and/or comments worked into later or final papers, b) it is wise to keep copies of earlier drafts in case a tutor wants something put back in, and c) earlier drafts can be useful for seeing how ideas alter/develop with time. Do not be Afraid to Seek Help It may be that writing is not your strongest point. If so, our third recently graduated student recommends using college writing centers. He says that, a) these are free and the assistants are graduates with many having written dissertations themselves so they understand every stage of the process, and b) writing centers can keep up motivation, not least because students have to write something before their next tutor-student meeting. Another mechanism for helping maintain focus is organized college support groups. These groups can give feedback on writing and critical thinking skills, and generally offer encouragement. It can be especially useful to have other people to talk to when you have writer’s block or encounter various problems of the professional or personal variety. In many cases, colleges have a counsellor if you really run into difficulties. It must be Done So Do It! It all boils down to one thing at the end. Established routines are an effective way of achieving critical goals. So, write! For some students, this means scheduling specific times for writing – especially making optimum use of their most productive times. Some treat dissertation writing in a similar way to a part-time job with certain hours a week devoted to it. Setting a clear timeline – a backward-looking calendar – for completing an important writing project is also a good strategy. Build in critical milestones such as a timeline for collecting data, analyzing this, setting a schedule for different chapters, and so on. However, make sure your goals are realistic!

French Verb Conjugation for Briller (to Shine)

French Verb Conjugation for Briller (to Shine) To shine in French is the verb  briller. It is an easy one to remember if you associate it with brilliant, as in give it a brilliant shine.   When you want to change  briller  to the past tense or the present or future, for that matter you will need to conjugate the verb. French students who have studied other verbs that end in -er  will find this lesson very familiar. Conjugating the French Verb  Briller First, a quick review of pronunciation. Keep in mind that the double LL sounds like a Y when it follows an I. Rather than the hard L sound of [briller], it is pronounced [breeyer]. This follows through to all of the verb conjugations. Briller  is a  regular -ER verb  and that makes it relatively straightforward. The verb endings that replace the -er  follow a specific pattern. For example, in  je  future tense, an  -ai  is added to  briller  and in je  imperfect past tense, the -er  becomes -ais. You will find this in similar verbs like  blesser  (to hurt) and  augmenter  (to raise). That makes each new verb just a little easier to learn. The chart lays out the primary forms of  briller  for you to study. To use it, pair the subject pronoun with the appropriate tense. For example, I shine is je brille and we will shine is nous brillerons. Brillers Present Participle When you want to use the  present participle  of briller, drop the -er  and add an -ant.  This gives you the word brillant. Did you notice the resemblance to brilliant? The present participle is where we get the correlation that can help with memorization. Another Past Tense of  Briller The past tense of  briller  can be expressed using the imperfect or the  passà © composà ©. For the latter, you will use the  past participle  brillà ©Ã‚  as well as the conjugate of  avoir, which is an  auxiliary verb. As an example of the completed passà © composà ©, I moved becomes jai brillà © and we moved is nous avons brillà ©. Note how  ai  and  avons  are conjugates of  avoir  and  brillà ©Ã‚  does not change with the subject. More Simple Conjugations of  Briller There may be times in your French that you will use one of the following verb forms of  briller. The subjunctive and conditional are used when the action has some uncertainty to it. The passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive are primarily found in literature and when youre writing. When you want to use  briller  in short commands or requests, you can turn to the imperative verb form. For this one, skip the subject pronoun and say only the verb: brille rather than tu brille.

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 43

Case study - Essay Example The management of Levendary believes that for any business to prosper, customer satisfaction must be a primary focus. Location of business outlets contributes massively to the success as this cafà ©. I would concur with an idea of replicating what Levendary cafà © does in U.S to that it continues pursuing it at Pudong and Beijing embassy because the target market in both locations are American citizens. Foster should introduce a sound strategic plan that outlines comprehensive ways of making profits and risk minimization. A management team needs restructuring by creating a title like the one of the risk manager to evaluate market trends and possible risk related to foreign policies. China has a rapid population thus Foster need strategies that exploit all opportunities to tap a larger market. To minimize management overhead, Foster should consider outsourcing of human resources and introduce comprehensive training to her management team to match the competitors in a new market. Headquarters should comprise all functional organs of the business. Levendary should build their store instead of renting a space for their goods and services. All services of the cafà ©, therefore, should be available at the

RBI Application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

RBI Application - Essay Example to reports of the holistic development as well as social adjustment of children raised by homosexual parents and if there are consistent with normal developmental expectations. Then, such reports will be compared with that of children raised by heterosexual parents to see if the sexual orientation of parenting has something to do with the differences, if any. Data that shall be collected from the literature, supported by interviews and questionnaires distributed to children of lesbian, homosexual and heterosexual parents and their parents as well. Investigation shall comprise specific information on what homosexual parents go through in parenting such as legal impediments, if any; what society expects from homosexual parents; the advantages and disadvantages of homosexual parenting with regards to the children; and if there are psychological effects on children raised by homosexuals and lesbians. Data shall be reported and references cited accordingly. Careful analysis of the data shall be done by the researcher in an unbiased manner. A grid of information shall be designed and data plotted into it. If certain themes prevail, then they shall likewise be analyzed too. Describe which statistical or analytical methods you will use to reveal relationships, differences, or patterns. The IRB is obligated to factor the rigor of the research design into the overall assessment of the potential risk and benefits of this study. The data that shall be gathered are the respondents’ interview answers. Interviews will be audiotaped and transcribed. The answers shall be put in a grid according to the theme questions (ex. Challenges in parenting; feelings of children about their family, etc.) and to whatever other theme that will come out of the free-flowing interviews. These are the data that will be compared, contrasted and discussed in relation to pertinent information gathered from the review of literature. Once relevant material on homosexual and heterosexual

Analog vs digital communication

Analog vs digital communication Table of Contents Introduction Communication System Definition Analog Communication Digital Communication Advantages of Digital Communication Disadvantages of Digital Communication Comparison of Analog and Digital Communication 1. INTRODUCTION: Analog Communication is a data transmitting technique in a format that utilizes continuous signals to transmit data including voice, image, video, electrons etc. An analog signal is a variable signal continuous in both time and amplitude which is generally carried by use of modulation. Digital communicationsis the physical transfer ofdata over a point-to-point or point-to-multipointtransmission medium. Examples of such media arecopper wires,optical fibers,wirelesscommunication media, andstorage media. 2. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Communications is the field of study concerned with the transmission of information through various means. It can also be defined as technology employed in transmitting messages. It can also be defined as the inter-transmitting the content of data (speech, signals, pulses etc.) from one node to another. A communication system is a combination of processes and the hardware used to accomplish the transfer of the Information (communication). Acommunications subsystemis afunctional unitoroperational assemblythat is smaller than the larger assembly under consideration. Examples of communications subsystems in theDefense Communications System(DCS) are: (a)A satellite linkwith oneEarth terminalinCONUSand one in Europe (b)The interconnect facilities at each Earth terminal of the satellite link (c)An optical fiber cablewith its driver and receiver in either of the interconnect facilities. Communication subsystem (b) basically consists of a receiver,frequency translatorand a transmitter. It also containstranspondersand other transponders in it andcommunication satellitecommunication system receives signals from theantenna subsystem. A communication system providesus only with a channel for the mutual informationexchange which is not apriori dedicated to certain categories ofinformationonly. Communication system consists of Analog and Digital communication. 3. ANALOG COMMUNICATION Analog communication is a communication method of conveying voice, data, image, signal or video information using a continuous signal which varies in amplitude, phase, or some other property in proportion to that of a variable. It could be the transfer of an analog source signal using an analog modulation method such as FM or AM, or no modulation at all. Analog transmission is still very popular, in particular for shorter distances, due to significantly lower costs and complex multiplexing and timing equipment is unnecessary, and in small short-haul systems that simply do not need multiplexed digital transmission. However, in situations where a signal often has high signal-to-noise ratio and cannot achieve source linearity, or in long distance, high output systems, analog is unattractive due to attenuation problems. Furthermore, as digital techniques continue to be refined, analog systems are increasingly becoming legacy equipment. Recently, some nations, such as the Netherlands, have completely ceased analog transmissions on certain media, such as television, for the purposes of the government saving money. Analog systems are very tolerant to noise, make good use of bandwidth, and are easy to manipulate mathematically. However, analog signals require hardware receivers and transmitters that are designed to perfectly fit the particular transmission. If you are working on a new system, and you decide to change your analog signal, you need to completely change your transmitters and receivers. Analog signals are signals with continuous values. Analog signals are used in many systems, although the use of analog signals has declined with the advent of cheap digital signals. 4. DIGITAL COMMUNICATION Digital communications is the physical transfer of data(a digital bit stream) over a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint transmission medium. Examples of such media are copper wires,optical fibers,wireless communication media, and storage media. The data is often represented as an electro-magnetic signal, such as an electrical voltage signal or an infra-red signal. Data transmitted may be digital messages originating from a data source, for example a computer or a keyboard. It may also be ananalog signal such as a phone call or a video signal,digitized into a bit-stream for example using pulse-code modulation(PCM) or more advanced source coding(data compression) schemes. This source coding and decoding is carried out by codec equipment. Digital communication enables the data to be transmitted in an efficient manner through the use of digitally encoded information sent through data signals. These data signals are easily compressed and, as such, can be transmitted with accuracy and speed. Unlike in an analog communications where the continuity of a varying signal can not be broken, in a digital communication a digital transmission can be broken down into packets as discrete messages. Transmitting data in discrete messages not only facilitates the error detection and correction but also enables a greater signal processing capability. Digital communication has, in large part, replaced analog communication as the ideal form of transmitting information through computer and mobile technologies. The information source generates particular symbols at a particular rate. The source encoder translates these symbols in sequences of 0s and 1s. The channel encoder is oriented towards translating sequences of 0s and 1s to other sequences of 0s and 1s, to realize high transmission reliability and efficiency. The modulator accepts streams of 0s and 1s, and converts them to electrical waveforms suitable for transmission. The communication channel provides the electrical connection between the source and destination. It has a finite bandwidth, and the waveform transmitted suffers from amplitude distortion and phase distortion. In addition to distortion, power is decreased due to attenuation of the channel. Finally, the waveform is corrupted by unwanted electrical signals, referred to as noise. The primary objective of a communication system is to suppress the bad effects of noise as much as possible. The inverse process takes place at the destination side. The demodulator converts the electrical waveforms to sequences of 0s and 1s, the channel decoder translates the sequence of 0s and 1s to the original sequence of 0s and 1s. It also performs error correction and clock recovery. The source decoder finally translates the sequence of 0s and 1s into symbols. 5. ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION: a). It is fast and easier. b). No paper is wasted. c). The messages can be stored in the device for longer times, without being damaged, unlike paper files that easily get damages or attacked by insects. d). Digital communication can be done over large distances through internet and other things. e). It is comparatively cheaper and the work which requires a lot of people can be done simply by one person as folders and other such facilities can be maintained. f). It removes semantic barriers because the written data can be easily chaned to different languages using software. g). It provides facilities like video conferencing which save a lot of time, money and effort. 6. DISADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION: a). It is unreliable as the messages cannot be recognised by signatures. Though software can be developed for this, yet the software can be easily hacked. b). Sometimes, the quickness of digital communication is harmful as messages can be sent with the click of a mouse. The person does not think and sends the message at an impulse. c). Digital Communication has completely ignored the human touch. A personal touch cannot be established because all the computers will have the same font! d). The establishment of Digital Communication causes degradation of the environment in some cases. Electronic waste is an example. The vibes given out by the telephone and cell phone towers are so strong that they can kill small birds. In fact the common sparrow has vanished due to so many towers coming up as the vibrations hit them on the head. e). Digital Communication has made the whole world to be an office. The people carry their work to places where they are supposed to relax. The whole world has been made into an office. Even in the office, digital communication causes problems because personal messages can come on your cell phone, internet, etc. f). Many people misuse the efficiency of Digital Communication. 7. COMPARISON OF ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION ANALOG Analog signals are signals with continuous values. Analog signals are used in many systems, although the use of analog signals has declined with the advent of cheap digital signals. Analog systems are very tolerant to noise, make good use of bandwidth, and are easy to manipulate mathematically. However, analog signals require hardware receivers and transmitters that are designed to perfectly fit the particular transmission. If you are working on a new system, and you decide to change your analog signal, you need to completely change your transmitters and receivers. DIGITAL Digital signals are signals that are represented by binary numbers, 1 or 0. The 1 and 0 values can correspond to different discrete voltage values, and any signal that doesnt quite fitinto the scheme just gets rounded off. Digital signals are intolerant to noise, and digital signals can be completely corrupted in the presence of excess noise. In digital signals, noise could cause a 1 to be interpreted as a 0 and vice versa, which makes the received data different than the original data. Imagine if the army transmitted a position coordinate to a missile digitally, and a single bit was received in error? This single bit error could cause a missile to miss its target by miles. Luckily, there are systems in place to prevent this sort of scenario, such as checksums and CRCs, which tell the receiver when a bit has been corrupted and ask the transmitter to resend the data. The primary benefit of digital signals is that they can be handled by simple, standardized receivers and transmitters, and the signal can be then dealt with in software (which is comparatively cheap to change). Analog communication systems, amplitude modulation (AM) radio being a typifying example, can inexpensively communicate a bandlimited analog signal from one location to another (point-to-point communication) or from one point to many (broadcast). Although it is not shown here, the coherent receiver provides the largest possible signal-to-noise ratio for the demodulated message.An analysis of this receiver thus indicates that some residual error will always be present in an analog systems output. Although analog systems are less expensive in many cases than digital ones for the same application, digital systems offer much more efficiency, better performance, and much greater flexibility. 1. Efficiency: The Source Coding Theorem allows quantification of just how complex a given message source is and allows us to exploit that complexity by source coding (compression). In analog communication, the only parameters of interest are message bandwidth and amplitude. We cannot exploit signal structure to achieve a more efficient communication system. 2. Performance: Because of the Noisy Channel Coding Theorem, we have a specific criterion by which to formulate error-correcting codes that can bring us as close to error-free transmission as we might want. Even though we may send information by way of a noisy channel, digital schemes are capable of error-free transmission while analog ones cannot overcome channel disturbances; see this problem for a comparison. 3. Flexibility: Digital communication systems can transmit real-valued discrete-time signals, which could be analog ones obtained by analog-to-digital conversion,andsymbolic-valued ones (computer data, for example). Any signal that can be transmitted by analog means can be sent by digital means, with the only issue being the number of bits used in A/D conversion (how accurately do we need to represent signal amplitude). Images can be sent by analog means (commercial television), but better communication performance occurs when we use digital systems (HDTV). In addition to digital communications ability to transmit a wider variety of signals than analog systems, point-to-point digital systems can be organized into global (and beyond as well) systems that provide efficient and flexible information transmission.Computer networks, explored in the next section, are what we call such systems today. Even analog-based networks, such as the telephone system, employ modern computer networking ideas rather than the purely analog systems of the past. Consequently, with the increased speed of digital computers, the development of increasingly efficient algorithms, and the ability to interconnect computers to form a communications infrastructure, digital communication is now the best choice for many situations. Advantages and disadvantages of analog vs digital communication: 1. The first advantage of digital communication against analog is its noise immunity.In any transmission path some unwanted voltage or noise is always present which cannot be eliminated fully.when signal is transmitted this noise gets added to the original signal causing the distortion of the signal.However in a digital communication at the receiving end this additive noise can be eliminated to great extent easily resulting in better recovery of actual signal. In the case of analog communication its difficult to remove the noise once added to the signal. 2. Security is the another priority of messaging the services in the modern days.The Digital communication provides better security to messages than the analog communication.It can be achieved through various coding techniques available in digital communication. 3. In a digital communication the signal is digitised to a stream of 0 s and 1 s. So at the receiver side a simple decision has to me made whether the received signal is a 0 or a 1.Accordingly the receiver circuit becomes simpler as compared to the analog receiver circuit. 4. When signal is travelling through its transmission path gets faded gradually. So on its path it needs to be reconstructed to its actual form and re-transmitted many times.For that reason AMPLIFIERS are used for analog communication and REPEATERS are used in digital communication.amplifiers are needed every 2 to 3 Kms apart where as repeaters are neede every 5 to 6 Kms apart.So definitely digital communication is cheaper.Amplifiers also often add non-linearities that distort the actual signal. 5. Bandwidth is another scarce resource.Various Digital communication techniques are available that use the available bandwidth much efficiently than analog communication techniques. 6. When audio and video signals are transmitted digitally an AD(Analog to Digital) converter is needed at tansmitting side and a DA(Digital to Analog) converter is again needed at receiver side.While transmitted in analog communication these devices are not needed. 7. Digital signals are often an approximation of the analog data(like voice or video) that is obtained through a process called quantisation. The digital representation is never the exact signal but its most closely approximated digital form.So its accuracy depends on the degree of approximation taken in quantisation process. Digital communication has several advantages over analog communication system. Some are explained below: 1. Analog circuits require amplifiers, and each amplifier adds distortion and noise to the signal. 2. In contrast, digital amplifiers regenerate an exact signal, eliminating cumulative errors. An incoming (analog) signal is sampled, its value is determined, and the node then generates a new signal from the bit value; the incoming signal is discarded. With analog circuits, intermediate nodes amplify the incoming signal, noise and all. 3. Voice, data, video, etc. can all by carried by digital circuits. What about carrying digital signals over analog circuit? The modem example shows the difficulties in carrying digital over analog.